Lipontšo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Boleng ba Metsi: Ho Utloisisa Boleng ba Metsi a Hloekileng le a Sireletsehileng

Selelekela: Bohlokoa ba Boleng ba Metsi

Metsi ke mohloli oa bophelo, mohloli oa bohlokoa o phelisang lintho tsohle tse phelang Lefatšeng. Boleng ba eona bo ama bophelo ba rōna, boiketlo ba rōna le tikoloho ka ho toba. Matšoao a mantlha a boleng ba metsi ke liparamente tsa bohlokoa tse re thusang ho lekola polokeho le ho nepahala ha metsi bakeng sa merero e fapaneng. Ho tloha metsing a nooang ho ea mesebetsing ea boikhathollo le paballo ea tikoloho, ho utloisisa boleng ba metsi ho bohlokoa bakeng sa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng.

Lipontšo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Boleng ba Metsi: Tlhahlobo e Tebileng

1. Maemo a pH:

Ho utloisisa Tekanyo ea Asiti le Alkalinity ka Metsing

Boemo ba pH ke sesupo sa mantlha sa boleng ba metsi. E lekanya acidity kapa alkalinity ea metsi ka tekanyo ea 0 ho 14. pH ea 7 ha e nke lehlakore, ka tlase ho 7 ke acidic, 'me ka holimo ho 7 ke alkaline. Bakeng sa bophelo ba metsing, pH e leka-lekaneng e bohlokoa, kaha maemo a feteletseng a ka senya tikoloho ea metsing le ho ama mefuta ea metsing.

2. Kakaretso e Qetetsoeng ka Matla (TDS):

Ho Lekola Boteng ba Lintho Tse Qhalang

TDS e emetse kakaretso ea lintho tse inorganic le organic tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka metsing. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa liminerale, matsoai le trace elements. Maemo a phahameng a TDS a ka bakoa ke tšilafalo kapa mehloli ea tlhaho, e amang tatso le polokeho ea metsi.

3. Moferefere:

Ho Utloisisa ho Hlakola ha Metsi

Turbidity e bolela ho putlama ha metsi ho bakoang ke ho ba teng ha likaroloana tse emisitsoeng. Lefu le phahameng le ka bontša tšilafalo le ho sitisa ho kenella ha leseli, ho ama limela le lintho tse phelang metsing.

4. Mocheso:

Ho Lekola Tekanyo ea Mocheso oa Metsi

Mocheso oa metsi o ama oksijene e qhibilihileng 'me o ama bophelo ba metsing. Liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa mocheso li ka sitisa tikoloho ea lintho tse phelang le ho baka ho fokotseha ha mefuta e hlokolosi.

5. Oksijene e Qholotsoeng (DO):

Khase ea Bohlokoa Bakeng sa Bophelo ba Metsing

DO ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho phela ha lintho tse phelang metsing. E bontša boemo ba oksijene e fumanehang metsing, 'me maemo a tlaase a DO a ka lebisa ho hypoxia, ho ntša litlhapi tse kotsi le libōpuoa tse ling tsa metsing.

6. Tlhokahalo ea Oksijene ea Lik'hemik'hale (BOD):

Ho Lekanya Tšilafalo ea Lintho

BOD e lekola palo ea oksijene e hlokoang ke likokoana-hloko ho bolisa lintho tse phelang metsing. Maemo a phahameng a BOD a bolela tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang, e ka bakang eutrophication le ho senya tikoloho ea metsing.

7. Tlhokahalo ea Oksijene ea Lik'hemik'hale (COD):

Ho Lekola Tšilafalo ea Lik'hemik'hale

COD e lekanya boholo ba oksijene e sebelisoang ke lik'hemik'hale tse ka metsing. Maemo a phahameng a COD a bontša boteng ba lik'hemik'hale kapa lintho tse silafatsang, tse behang likotsi ho batho le ho liphoofolo tse phelang metsing.

8. Maemo a Nitrate le Phosphate:

Ho Lekola Tšilafalo ea Limatla

Linitrate tse feteletseng le phosphates metsing li ka baka eutrophication, e lebisang ho lithunthung tsa algal le ho fokotsa maemo a oksijene, 'me ea ama libaka tsa metsing hampe.

9. Total Coliforms le E. coli:

Ho lemoha Tšilafalo ea Baktheria

Coliforms le E. coli ke matšoao a tšilafalo ea mantle ka metsing, e ka 'nang ea jara likokoana-hloko tse kotsi tse ka bakang mafu a bakoang ke metsi.

10. Litšepe tse boima:

Ho Lemoha Lintho Tse Silafatsang Chefo

Limetale tse boima tse kang lead, mercury, le arsenic li ka silafatsa mehloli ea metsi, tsa beha likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo ho batho le liphoofolo tse hlaha.

11. Masala a Chlorine:

Ho Lekola Tšoaetso ea Metsi

Masala a chlorine a netefatsa boteng ba chlorine e lekaneng metsing ka mor'a ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, e sireletsa khahlanong le ho hōla ha baktheria nakong ea ho ajoa.

12. Trihalomethanes (THMs):

Tlhokomelo ea Lihlahisoa tsa Chlorination

Li-THM li hlaha ha chlorine e kopana le lintho tse phelang metsing. Maemo a phahameng a ka beha likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle 'me a ameha ka metsi a nooang a chlorine.

13. Radon:

Ho lemoha Tšilafalo ea Radioactive

Radon ke khase ea radioactive e hlahang ka tlhaho e ka qhibilihang metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše. Maemo a phahameng a radon metsing a ka lebisa likotsing tsa bophelo bo botle ha a jeoa.

14. Fluoride:

Ho leka-lekanya Bophelo bo Botle ba Meno

Fluoride e molemo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba meno ha e le ka har'a maemo a nepahetseng ka metsing. Leha ho le joalo, fluoride e feteletseng e ka lebisa ho meno ea fluorosis le litaba tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle.

15. Arsenic:

Ho Utloisisa Likotsi Tsa Tšilafalo ea Arsenic

Arsenic ke ntho e chefo e ka hlahang ka tlhaho kapa ka mesebetsi ea indasteri, e behang likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle maemong a holimo.

16. Ho thatafala:

Ho Lekanya Bonolo ba Metsi

Ho thatafala ho bolela ho ba teng ha li-ion tsa calcium le magnesium metsing, tse amang ho tšoaneleha ha eona bakeng sa merero ea malapeng le ea indasteri.

17. Li-sulfate:

Ho hlahloba Tatso ea Metsi le Monko

Li-sulfate li ka etsa hore metsi a latsoehe 'me a nkha hampe. Ho beha leihlo maemo a sulfate ho netefatsa boleng ba metsi bakeng sa tšebeliso le lits'ebetso tse ling.

18. Total Organic Carbon (TOC):

Ho lekanya metsoako ea lintho tse phelang

TOC e bontša boemo ba lintho tse phelang metsing, tse ka sebetsanang le likokoana-hloko ho etsa lihlahisoa tse kotsi.

19. Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) le Trihalomethanes (THMs):

Ho leka-lekanya Disinfection Byproducts

Li-HAA le li-THM ke lihlahisoa tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tse entsoeng ha chlorine e kopana le lintho tse phelang. Ho beha leihlo lik'hemik'hale tsena ho etsa bonnete ba hore metsi a hloekisitsoe likokoana-hloko.

20. Loto le Koporo:

Tšireletso khahlanong le Plumbing e Silafetseng

Loto le koporo li ka kena ka metsing ho tsoa liphaepheng le lisebelisoa, tse hlokang tlhokomelo ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba.

21. Microplastics:

Ho Fumana Lintho Tse Silafatsang

Li-microplastics li fetohile taba e hatellang tlhahlobo ea boleng ba metsi, e behang likotsi ho bophelo ba metsing le litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle ba batho.

Karolo ea ho qetela e totobatsa bohlokoa ba boikarabelo ba motho ka mong mabapi le ho baballa mehloli ea metsi, ho sireletsa boleng ba metsi, le ho netefatsa phihlello ea metsi a hloekileng le a sireletsehileng bakeng sa meloko e tlang.

Lipontšo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Boleng ba Metsi: Senotlolo sa Bokamoso bo Botle ba Bophelo bo Botle

Ho utloisisa matšoao a mantlha a boleng ba metsi ho bohlokoa ho baballeng mohloli oa rona oa bohlokoahali - metsi. Ho tloha maemong a pH ho isa ho lirafshoa tse boima le litšila tsa likokoana-hloko, letšoao le leng le le leng le bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekola boleng ba metsi le ho tseba likotsi tse ka bang teng. Ka ho ananela matšoao ana le ho kenya tšebetsong mehato e hlokahalang, re ka sireletsa bophelo ba rōna, ra sireletsa tikoloho, le ho boloka bokamoso bo tsitsitseng bakeng sa bohle.

FAQs:

P: Ke hangata hakae ke lokelang ho hlahloba metsi a ka a nooang hore na ke na le litšila?

K: Ho khothaletsoa hore u leke metsi a hau a nooang selemo le selemo bakeng sa litšila tse tloaelehileng joalo ka libaktheria, lead le nitrate. Haeba u hlokomela liphetoho life kapa life tatsong, monko, kapa 'mala, nahana ka tlhahlobo khafetsa.

P: Na nka itšetleha ka litlaleho tsa tšebeliso ea metsi a sechaba bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding ea boleng ba metsi?

K: Leha lits'ebeletso tsa metsi tsa sechaba li tlameha ho fana ka litlaleho tsa selemo le selemo tsa boleng ba metsi, ho ntse ho le molemo ho etsa liteko tse ikemetseng ho netefatsa bonnete le polokeho ea litaba.

P: Na lihloela tsa metsi li sebetsa hantle ho tloseng litšila tsohle metsing?

A: Lisebelisoa tsa metsi li fapana ka katleho. Tse ling li ka tlosa litšila tse itseng, ha tse ling li fana ka tlhoekiso e felletseng. Khetha sefe se netefalitsoeng ke mokhatlo o tsebahalang bakeng sa liphetho tse nepahetseng.

P: Nka fokotsa tšilafalo ea metsi joang sebakeng sa heso?

K: O ka fokotsa tšilafalo ea metsi ka ho lahla litšila hantle, ka ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse bolokang tikoloho, ho baballa metsi, le ho tšehetsa matsapa a khothalletsang mekhoa ea metsi a hloekileng.

P: Likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba ho sebelisa metsi a silafetseng ke life?

K: Ho sebelisa metsi a silafetseng ho ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa mathata a mala, tšoaetso, ho lieha ho hōla, le mafu a nako e telele a sa foleng.

P: Nka kenya letsoho joang boitekong ba ho baballa metsi?

K: O ka baballa metsi ka ho lokisa dutla, ka ho sebedisa disebediswa tse baballang metsi, ho sebedisa metsi ka hloko, le ho tshehetsa matsholo a paballo ya metsi.